Imagem final do Kepler mostra uma galáxia repleta de possibilidades
O telescópio espacial Kepler da NASA pode ser retirado, mas as descobertas continuam a se acumular para essa missão histórica de caça ao planeta. Kepler tocou no novo ano com várias novas descobertas de planetas, incluindo um planeta de um tamanho incomum, antes esquecido, bem como um mundo super-Terra e do tamanho de Saturno orbitando uma estrela parecida com o Sol.
Enquanto isso, a missão Kepler lançou seu registro final do campo de visão completo da espaçonave antes que o esgotamento de combustível terminasse permanentemente seu trabalho. A NASA retirou a espaçonave em 30 de outubro de 2018 para uma órbita segura.
A imagem da “última luz”, tirada em 25 de setembro, representa a página final do capítulo final da notável jornada de coleta de dados de Kepler. Ele registra o momento de intensa excitação nove anos e meio antes, quando a espaçonave abriu os olhos para os céus e capturou sua imagem de “primeira luz”. Kepler passou a descobrir mais de 2.600 mundos além do nosso sistema solar e estatisticamente provou que nossa galáxia tem ainda mais planetas que estrelas.
As lacunas enegrecidas no centro e ao longo da parte superior da imagem são o resultado de falhas anteriores de peças aleatórias na câmera. Devido ao design modular, as perdas não impactaram o restante do instrumento.
Para este campo de visão final, a última campanha de observação do Kepler em sua missão ampliada, o telescópio foi apontado na direção da constelação de Aquário. Ele teve um vislumbre do renomado sistema TRAPPIST-1 com seus sete planetas rochosos, pelo menos três deles considerados mundos temperados. Outro alvo era o sistema GJ 9827, uma estrela brilhante próxima que abriga um planeta que é considerado uma excelente oportunidade para acompanhar observações com outros telescópios para estudar uma atmosfera de um mundo distante.
Por sorte, o campo de visão de Kepler também se sobrepôs ao novo caçador de planetas da NASA, o Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, ou TESS, proporcionando aos astrônomos a chance de comparar e melhorar a compreensão dos dados recebidos das duas espaçonaves. Embora os transmissores da Kepler tenham sido desligados e não estejam mais coletando a ciência, seus dados serão extraídos por muitos anos.
Além dos instantâneos estáticos que o Kepler utilizava rotineiramente em seu campo de visão, a câmera do telescópio também registrava alvos selecionados em incrementos de 30 minutos. Estas continuaram por mais algumas horas após a imagem da “última luz” antes da coleta de dados cessar. Os dados-alvo são obtidos para medir a mudança no brilho das estrelas, essencial para a descoberta de planetas à medida que eles transitam pelas faces de suas estrelas e para entender outros aspectos do comportamento estelar. O movimento das estrelas nos vídeos deve-se à diminuição do desempenho do propulsor causado pela exaustão próxima do combustível.
O Ames Research Center da NASA, no Vale do Silício, na Califórnia, gerencia as missões Kepler e K2 para o Diretório de Missões Científicas da NASA. O Laboratório de Propulsão a Jato da NASA em Pasadena, Califórnia, gerenciou o desenvolvimento da missão Kepler. A Ball Aerospace Technologies Corporation operou o sistema de voo com o apoio do Laboratório de Física Atmosférica e Espacial da Universidade do Colorado em Boulder.
Para mídia de notícias:
Os membros da mídia interessada em cobrir este tópico devem entrar em contato através da página de contatos de mídia da NASA Ames.
Alison Hawkes, Ames Research Center
Texto: Júlia Machado
Kepler
NASA
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